应用
Ammonium chloride finds its use as a flux in preparing metals for galvanizing, soldering or tin coating. While mainly referred as a nitrogen source fertilizer, it is also used in cleaning tip of soldering iron, hair shampoo as a thickening agent, some batteries as electrolyte, tanning, textile printing, dyeing, and cleaning products. In laboratories it is used to produce cooling baths and for producing buffers. Along with certain metals, it is used for effecting certain reductions in organic synthesis. It can be used as a precursor to ammonium cyanate, which is employed in the Wöhler synthesis of urea. It facilitates several organic transformations in a mild and efficient manner - for example in Ulmann coupling, cross-aldol condensation, Claisen rearrangement, reduction, thia-Michael addition and synthesis of several monocyclic, fused or spiro bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles.

备注
On heating it decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas.

基本信息

MDL
MFCD00011420

EINECS
235-186-4

分子式
NH₄Cl

分子量
53.49

熔点
340° subl.

密度
1.53

折射率
1.642

灵敏度
Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.

形态
Powder

溶解性
Highly soluble in water. Soluble in liquid ammonia, acetone, hydrazine, alcohol. Insoluble in diethyl ether and ethyl acetate.

Merck
14,509

GHS危害和防范说明

GHS符号

Hazard Statements
H302-H319
Harmful if swallowed.Causes serious eye irritation.

Precautionary Statements
P280i-P264-P305+P351+P338-P301+P312a-P337+P313-P501a
Wear eye/face protection.Wash thoroughly after handling.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.

安全信息

危险类别
22-36
Harmful if swallowed.Irritating to eyes.

安全等级
22
Do not breathe dust.

欧盟危险品标志

RTECS
BP4550000

TSCA
是